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Metalworking fluids are used in the metalworking process to lubricate and cool workpieces, cutting tools or grinding tools. In order to enhance processing efficiency, workpiece accuracy and surface quality, and extend the service life of cutting tools and grinding tools, in addition to rationally selecting the materials, geometric parameters, heat treatment specifications and processing volume of cutting tools and molds according to processing conditions, it is also necessary to correctly choose metalworking fluids.
Cutting processing is a kind of metal processing technology. It uses cutting tools with cutting edges (tools or grinding wheels) to remove the excess metal from the workpiece, thereby obtaining the finished or semi-finished workpiece with the specified shape, size and surface quality.
A method of metal cutting processing: sawing, turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, reaming, boring, tapping, broaching, etc
Typical machined surfaces: inner circle, outer circle, pore, plane.
By surface quality: rough machining, semi-finishing, finishing, and superfinishing
Surface roughness: It is used to indicate the quality of the machined surface, with the symbol Ra and the unit μm
According to the Angle at which metal materials can be cut, they can be classified as:
1. Free-cutting materials: Non-ferrous metals: aluminum, aluminum alloys, magnesium-zinc alloys, brass, lead bronze
2. Common materials: Non-ferrous metals: copper, high-strength bronze
Ferrous metals: cast iron, medium and low carbon steel
3. Hard-to-machine materials
Non-ferrous metals: titanium, nickel
High alloy steel: heat-resistant steel, high-speed steel, stainless steel
High and low carbon alloy steels: manganese steel, nickel-chromium steel, bearing steel, carbon steel, nickel-chromium-copper alloy steel
The types of cutting fluids include oil-based (animal oil, vegetable oil, mineral oil) and water-based (emulsion, microemulsion, synthetic fluid).
International classification standard
The international classification standard ISO 6743/7----1986 consists of 17 categories, among which 8 categories (MHA - MHH) are non-aqueous metalworking fluids and 9 categories (MAA - MAI) are aqueous metalworking fluids. These varieties are suitable for 44 different processing conditions such as cutting, grinding, electrical discharge machining, thinning and rolling, extreme pressure, wire drawing, forging and rolling.
2. Domestic standards
In China, the standard GB7631.5-89 "Classification of Lubricants Related Products (Class L) - Part 5: Group M (Metalworking)" was formulated by equivalent adoption of ISO 6743/7 -- 1986.
Products mainly for lubrication requirements are pure oils, namely MH type (including MHG ointment wax, MHH soap powder, solid lubricants or their mixtures)
The main cooling requirement is for aqueous solution type, namely MA type
MH class: Oils
L-mha pure mineral oil is mostly used for heavy-duty cutting and honing (which is conducive to the sedimentation of iron powder).
L-mhb fatty oil (or oiliness additive) + mineral oil is mostly used for precision turning of lead screws, gear hobbing, gear shaving and pin pulling
L-mhc inactive extreme pressure cutting oil, mineral oil + inactive extreme pressure additives
L-mhd active extreme pressure cutting oil, mineral oil + highly reactive sulfur-based extreme pressure additives
L-mhe and L-MHF composite cutting oil, mineral oil + oiliness additives and extreme pressure additives
MA class: Water-soluble cutting fluid
L-maa Anti-rust Emulsion (Oil 50-80%)
L-mab anti-rust and lubricating emulsion, containing animal or plant fats or long-chain fatty acids
L-mac extreme pressure emulsion contains extreme pressure agents and is used for heavy-duty cutting such as tapping and broaching
L-mad extreme pressure emulsion contains extreme pressure agents and is used for heavy-duty cutting such as tapping and broaching
The emulsified particles of the L-MAE microemulsion (containing 10% - 30% oil) working solution are less than 0.1 microns
L-maf extreme pressure emulsion, containing extreme pressure agents, can be used for medium and heavy-duty cutting processes
L-mag chemically synthesized cutting fluid
L-mah extreme pressure chemical synthetic cutting fluid
A mixture of L-MAI grease and paste with water