Metal cutting fluid is referred to as cutting fluid, then what is the role of cutting fluid?

1. Lubrication

The lubrication effect of cutting fluid in the cutting process can reduce the friction between the knife surface and the chip and the workpiece surface, forming a part of the lubrication film, so as to reduce the cutting force, reduce tool wear, ensure smooth cutting, and improve the cutting performance of the workpiece material. In the grinding process, after adding the grinding fluid, the grinding fluid penetrates into the grinding wheel grate-workpiece and the grate-chip to form a lubricating film, so that the friction between the interface is reduced, to prevent the abrasive cutting edge wear and adhesion to the chip, thereby reducing the grinding force and friction heat, improving the tool durability and the surface quality of the workpiece.

2. Cooling

The cooling effect of cutting fluid is through it and the convection and vaporization between the cutting tool or grinding wheel chips and the workpiece due to cutting, taking away the heat generated when cutting the workpiece, so as to effectively reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece and the tool, maintain the tool hardness, improve the processing accuracy and tool durability, and prevent the surface oxidation of the workpiece. The cooling performance of cutting fluid is related to its thermal conductivity, specific heat, heat of vaporization, and viscosity or fluidity. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of water are higher than that of oil, so the cooling performance of water is better than that of oil, and the cooling performance of water-soluble cutting liquid is better than that of pure oil cutting oil in this respect.

3. Cleaning

In the process of metal cutting, the cutting fluid is required to have a good cleaning effect. It can quickly take away the chips on the surface of the workpiece, and prevent the chips from scratching the surface of the workpiece, remove the generated chips, grinding chips and iron powder, oil and sand, prevent the machine tool and the workpiece, the tool, the cutting edge of the tool or the grinding wheel to keep sharp, without affecting the cutting effect. For oil-based cutting oil, the lower the viscosity, the stronger the cleaning capacity, especially the cutting oil containing light components such as kerosene and diesel, the better the permeability and cleaning performance. Water-based cutting fluid containing surfactants has a better cleaning effect, because it can form an adsorption film on the surface to prevent particles and sludge from adhering to the workpiece, tools and grinding wheels, and it can penetrate into the interface of particles and sludge adhesion, separating it from the interface, and taking away with the cutting fluid to keep the interface clean

4. Rust prevention

In the process of metal cutting, the workpiece should be corroded by contact with corrosive media such as sludge generated by the decomposition or oxidation of the environmental media and the cutting fluid components, and the surface of the machine tool parts in contact with the cutting fluid will also be corroded. In addition, when the workpiece is temporarily stored after processing or during the flow process between processes, the cutting fluid is also required to have a certain anti-rust ability to prevent corrosion of metals by corrosive substances such as environmental media and residual cutting fluid. Especially in the wet and rainy season in the south of China, more attention should be paid to anti-rust measures between processes.